Islamic Resistance in Iraq

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Not to be confused with Islamic Front for the Iraqi Resistance or Hamas of Iraq. For other uses, see Islamic Resistance in Iraq (disambiguation).

Islamic Resistance in Iraq
al-Moqawamat al-Islamiat fi al-Iraq
المقاومة الإسلامية في العراق
LeadersAhmad al-Hamidawi
Akram al-Kaabi
Qais Khazali
Abu Ala al-Walai
Group(s)See groups
IdeologyIraqi nationalism
Shia Islamism
Khomeinism
Anti-Americanism
Anti-Zionism
Anti-imperialism[1]
Size70,000
Part ofAxis of Resistance
Allies Popular Mobilization Forces
 Iran
 Syria
 Yemen (SPC)
 Hezbollah
 Houthi movement
 Hamas
 Palestinian Islamic Jihad
Opponents United States
 Israel
 Saudi Arabia
 Jordan
Islamic State
White Flags
Syrian Democratic Forces
Battles and warsAttacks on U.S. bases in Iraq, Jordan, and Syria (2023–present)
Israel–Hamas war
Israel–Hezbollah conflict (2023–present)

The Islamic Resistance in Iraq (IRI; Arabic: المقاومة الإسلامية في العراق, romanized: al-Moqawamat al-Islamiat fi al-Iraq) is an umbrella term for Shia Islamist insurgent groups in Iraq which has been described as a generic brand or network[2][3]

In October 2023, the IRI began launching rockets and drones at U.S. bases in Iraq, Jordan and Syria, causing minor injuries to American servicemen until a drone attack killed three U.S. soldiers in Jordan on 28 January 2024.[4][5][6][7][8] Since November 2023, the IRI has attacked Israel with multiple drones and missiles.[9] Brain injuries were the most cited medical result of the five dozen attacks on U.S. forces and have initiated diplomatic efforts by U.S. Secretary of State Antony Blinken and more directly by Iraqi Prime Minister Mohammed Shia' Al Sudani on a visit to Tehran.[10][11]

Groups[edit]

Operations in Iraq, Jordan, and Syria[edit]

Main article: Attacks on U.S. bases in Iraq, Jordan, and Syria (2023–present)

On 18 October 2023, amid the Israel–Hamas war, the Islamic Resistance in Iraq began waves of attacks on U.S. bases in both Iraq and Syria, beginning with the launching of a drone strike on al-Asad Airbase which was intercepted.[15][16][17]

On 24 October, the Islamic Resistance in Iraq claimed responsibility for multiple drone strikes on US bases in eastern Syria, notably al-Omar oil field in Deir ez-Zor Governorate and al-Shaddadi in the Al-Hasakah Governorate.[18]

On 5 November, the Islamic Resistance in Iraq issued a warning ahead of Antony Blinken's visit to Baghdad, saying "Antony Blinken, the son of a Jew, is not welcome in Iraq." As a result of the threats, Blinken wore a bulletproof vest when landing in Baghdad International Airport.[citation needed]

On 9 November, US forces were struck three separate times in 24 hours, including drone strikes in Al-Asad Airbase and Al-Harir Air Base, as well as an IED attack on a patrol near the Mosul Dam.[19]

On 20 November, eight US and coalition soldiers were injured from a ballistic missile attack, and there was minor infrastructural damage after the air base was attacked by a ballistic missile.[20]

On 25 December, the Islamic Resistance in Iraq claimed responsibility for a drone attack on the base which injured three US soldiers, one being critical.[21][22]

On 18 January 2024, the Islamic Resistance of Iraq claimed it shot down a US MQ-9 Reaper drone after it took off from Kuwait near Muqdadiyah, Diyala Governorate.[23][24]

On 20 January 2024, the group claimed a missile attack on the Ain Al-Asad Air Base in Al Anbar Govenorate, injuring two US personnel and one Iraqi personnel.[25][26]

On 28 January, the IRI launched a drone attack on the Tower 22 US military outpost in Rukban, Jordan, killing 3 US soldiers and injuring 47 others.[8][27]

On 4 February 2024, a drone struck a training ground in Al-Omar field in Deir ez-Zor, eastern Syria, which houses US troops, according to the Syrian Democratic Forces. Though no casualties were reported among US forces, at least seven Kurdish fighters were killed and 18 injured. The Islamic Resistance in Iraq claimed responsibility for the attack.[28][29] The SDF condemned the attack, and said it had "every right to respond".[30]

On 1 April 2024, Abu Ali al-Askari, security chief of Kata'ib Hezbollah, said the organisation was prepared to arm the Islamic Resistance in Jordan. He declared that Kata'ib Hezbollah is ready to provide "12,000 fighters with light and medium weapons, anti-armor launchers, tactical missiles, millions of rounds of ammunition, and tons of explosives" to "defend the Palestinians and avenge the honour of Muslims." On the same day, al-Tanf garrison in Syria was attacked by a one-way attack drone which was intercepted.[31]

Operations in Israel[edit]

Main article: Israel–Hamas war § Iraq

Since November 2023, the Islamic Resistance in Iraq has claimed responsibility for drone and missile attacks against targets within Israel in retaliation for Israeli attacks on Palestinian civilians in Gaza. The group stated it would continue to "strike enemy strongholds."

In late January, the Islamic Resistance of Iraq announced it had entered its second phase of operations which included blockading the Mediterranean maritime routes to Israeli ports and disabling the ports.[32]

List of claimed attacks on Israel
Date Location Description Outcome
02.11.2023 Dead Sea Claimed responsibility for an attack against a "vital Israeli target" on the Dead Sea coastline.[33] Unknown
03.11.2023 Eilat Claimed responsibility for a missile attack on Eilat.[34] Unknown
12.11.2023 Eilat Claimed responsibility for a missile attack on Eilat.[35] Unknown
21.12.2023 Eilat Claimed drone attack. Intercepted by the Royal Jordanian Air Force.[36]
Karish rig Claimed drone attack. Intercepted by IDF fighter jets.[37]
28.12.2023 Golan Heights Claimed drone attack.[38] Drone crashed near Eliad, Golan Heights. No casualty or damage reported.[38]
31.12.2023 Golan Heights Claimed drone attack.[39] Intercepted by Israeli fighter jets.[39]
Eilat Claimed drone attack.[40] Intercepted by the IDF.[40]
07.01.2024 Golan Heights Claimed drone attack.[41] Unknown
07.01.2024 Haifa Port Claimed responsibility for a missile attack on Haifa Port.[42] Unknown
22.01.2024 Ashdod Claimed responsibility for a drone attack on the port of Ashdod.[43] No verification of the claims.[43]
24.01.2024 Ashdod Claimed responsibility for a drone strike on the port of Ashdod.[44] No verification of the claims.[44]
28.01.2024 Eilat Claimed drone attack.[45] Unknown
09.02.2024 Dead Sea Claimed attack.[46] Unknown
01.03.2024 Haifa Port Claimed drone strike on a chemical depot in Haifa Port.[47] Unknown
05.03.2024 Haifa Airport Claimed drone attack.[48] No verification of the claims.[48]
06.03.2024 Kiryat Shmona Airport Claimed drone attack.[49] Unknown
11.03.2024 Ben Gurion Airport Claimed drone attack on Ben Gurion Airport.[50] No verification of the claims. Shortly after the announcement, Jordanian security sources announced the discovery of drone parts in an uninhabited area.[50]
01.04.2024 Eilat Claimed responsibility for a drone attack on Eilat. The drone striked an IDF Naval Base causing minor damage to a building and no casualites.[51][52]

Intervention in Israel–Hezbollah conflict[edit]

Main article: Israel–Hezbollah conflict (2023–present)

On 9 January, the Kata'ib Hezbollah spokesperson Jafar al-Husseini warned that the Islamic Resistance in Iraq would help Hezbollah fight Israel if war erupted between the two sides.[53] This statement came a few weeks after the Islamic Resistance in Iraq claimed responsibility for a drone attack on a Karish rig which Lebanon claims to hold sovereignty to.[54]

Intervention in United States–Houthi conflict[edit]

Main article: United States–Houthi conflict (2023–present)

On 11 January, the Islamic Resistance in Iraq said that if Yemen is attacked by the US and UK, "we will attack the Americans' base with everything in our power".[55] After the initial US-UK airstrikes on Yemen, there were reports of a bomb and sirens being heard at the US Embassy in Iraq.[56] In the same month, the Islamic Resistance in Iraq launched a drone attack on a US base in Jordan, killing three US soldiers and injuring 47 others.

U.S. retaliation airstrikes[edit]

Main articles: Attacks on U.S. bases in Iraq, Jordan, and Syria (2023–present) § U.S._response; and February 2024 United States airstrikes in Iraq and Syria

On 21 November, a US AC-130-gunship struck a Kata'ib Hezbollah vehicle near Abu Ghraib, Iraq in response to the Islamic Resistance In Iraq's 20 November attack on Ain al Assad Airbase.[57]

On 2 February, the US launched retaliatory airstrikes targeting Iran-backed militias in Iraq and Syria, in response to an attack that killed three US troops in Jordan. On 7 February, a US drone strike on a vehicle in the Mashtal neighborhood of Baghdad killed a commander of Kata'ib Hezbollah Abu Baqir Al-Saadi.

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Honig-Parnass, Tikva; Haddad, Toufic (2007). "10: Expanding Regionally, Resisting Locally". Between the Lines. Haymarket Books. p. 297. ISBN 978-1931859-44-8.
  2. ^ Caleb Weiss; Joe Truzman (30 April 2021). "Iranian-backed groups tout operations in Iraq". The Long War Journal.
  3. ^ Hamdi Malik; Michael Knights (21 October 2023). "Profile: The Islamic Resistance of Iraq". The Washington Institute for Near East Policy.
  4. ^ Hammer, Mathias (25 October 2023). "What to Know About the Attacks on U.S. Military Bases in the Middle East". TIME.
  5. ^ "Iraqi Shiite militia claim drone, rocket attacks on U.S. bases in Syria". Xinhua (via News.cn). 19 October 2023.
  6. ^ "Fifth drone strike in past week targets U.S. troops". Kurdistan 24. 21 October 2023.
  7. ^ "Iraqi Islamic Front targets US forces in Syria". North Press Agency. 23 October 2023.
  8. ^ a b "Three US service members killed in Jordan drone attack, Biden says". Al Jazeera. 28 January 2024. Archived from the original on 28 January 2024.
  9. ^ "Iraqi militant group claims responsibility for missile attack on Israel". Kurdistan 24. 3 November 2023.
  10. ^ Lolita C. Baldor and Qassim Abdul-Zahra. Associated Press reporters. (18 November 2023). "How the US strikes a delicate balance in responding to attacks on its forces by Iran-backed militias". Microsoft Start website Retrieved 24 November 2023.
  11. ^ Fatima Hussein and Tara Copp. Associated Press reporters. "Treasury sanctions Iran-backed militia members attacking US forces". Army Times website Retrieved 24 November 2023.
  12. ^ a b c d "Iran Update, October 18, 2023". Institute for the Study of War. 18 October 2023. Retrieved 12 November 2023.
  13. ^ Dana Taib Menmy; Oliver Mizzi (8 November 2023). "Who is the Islamic Resistance in Iraq, the mysterious group attacking US and Israeli targets over Gaza?". The New Arab.
  14. ^ "Iran Update, November 3, 2023". Institute for the Study of War. 3 November 2023. Retrieved 12 November 2023.
  15. ^ Sewell, Abby; Copp, Tara; Abdul-Zahra, Qassim (18 October 2023). "Drone attack on base hosting US troops intercepted in Iraq, heightening fears of a broader conflict". Beirut, Lebanon: AP News. Archived from the original on 18 October 2023. Retrieved 18 October 2023.
  16. ^ "Drone attack on US forces intercepted in Iraq – report". The Jerusalem Post. 18 October 2023. Archived from the original on 18 October 2023. Retrieved 18 October 2023.
  17. ^ Stewart, Phil; Ismail, Amina; Rasheed, Ahmed; Stewart, Phil (18 October 2023). "US says it thwarted drone attacks on troops in Iraq". Reuters. Archived from the original on 18 October 2023. Retrieved 18 October 2023.
  18. ^ AP. "Iran-backed groups claim fresh attacks on US bases in Syria". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 6 November 2023.
  19. ^ "Drone, explosive attacks target US forces across Iraq". Reuters. 9 November 2023. Retrieved 10 November 2023.
  20. ^ "Several U.S. service members injured in missile attack at Al-Asad Airbase in Iraq, Pentagon says - CBS News". CBS News. 22 November 2023. Retrieved 22 November 2023.
  21. ^ "New drone attack targets US troops in Iraq". France 24. 25 December 2023. Retrieved 26 December 2023.
  22. ^ Stewart, Phil (26 December 2023). "US retaliates in Iraq after three US troops wounded in attack". reuters.com. Retrieved 26 December 2023.
  23. ^ AFP (20 January 2024). "US says probing cause of drone crash in Iraq after Iran-backed militias claim to down UAV". timesofisrael.com. Retrieved 21 January 2024.
  24. ^ "Red Sea Ship Attacks Continue After Super Hornets Strike Missiles". The War Zone. The Drive. 18 January 2024.
  25. ^ US personnel suffer minor injuries in Iraq base attack: U.S. official, Reuters
  26. ^ https://x.com/irandefense/status/1727839209308787065?s=46&t=UYh7e8DMIsUga4DLC5QNmA
  27. ^ Horton, Alex; Ryan, Missy; Warrick, Joby; Lamothe, Dan (29 January 2024). "U.S. mixed up enemy, friendly drones in attack that killed 3 troops". The Washington Post.
  28. ^ "At least 6 Kurdish fighters are killed in a drone attack on a Syrian base housing US troops". ABC News. Retrieved 5 February 2024.
  29. ^ "7 Kurdish-led fighters killed in attack on US base in Syria: monitor". The Economic Times. 5 February 2024. ISSN 0013-0389. Retrieved 5 February 2024.
  30. ^ "7 Kurdish-led Fighters Killed In Attack On US Base In Syria: Monitor". Barron's. Retrieved 5 February 2024.
  31. ^ "New Options for Iraq's Axis of Resistance Players (Part 2): Opening the Jordan Front | The Washington Institute". www.washingtoninstitute.org. Retrieved 4 April 2024.
  32. ^ Monks, Kieron (25 January 2024). "Iraqi militias claim drone strike on Israel's biggest port as attacks ramp up". inews.co.uk. Retrieved 22 February 2024.
  33. ^ "Iran-Backed 'Islamic Resistance In Iraq' Claims Attack Against Israeli Target On Dead Sea Coastline". MEMRI. Retrieved 25 November 2023.
  34. ^ Muwaffaq, Dastan (3 November 2023). "Iraqi militant group claims responsibility for missile attack on Israel". Kurdistan24. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  35. ^ "Iraq's Islamic Resistance attacks Eilat with "appropriate weapons"". Shafaq News. Retrieved 21 December 2023.
  36. ^ "Iraqi militia attempts Eilat drone attack, was intercepted over Jordan". The Jerusalem Post. 22 December 2023. Retrieved 27 December 2023.
  37. ^ "Iran-backed militias in Iraq claim to have targeted Israeli gas rig in Mediterranean". The Times of Israel. 22 December 2023. Retrieved 22 December 2023.
  38. ^ a b "Suspected explosive-laden drone crashes in Golan; Iraqi militia claims responsibility". The Times of Israel. 28 December 2023. Retrieved 28 December 2023.
  39. ^ a b Fabian, Emanuel (31 December 2023). "IDF downs two apparent drones launched at Israel by Iran-backed Iraqi militia". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 31 December 2023.
  40. ^ a b "Iraqi militia group claims attack on southern Israel". www.rudaw.net. Retrieved 2 January 2024.
  41. ^ ""Iraqi Resistance" target Israeli, American bases in Syria". Shafaq News. Retrieved 8 January 2024.
  42. ^ "Iraqi Shiite factions attack Haifa with a strategic missile". Shafaq News. Retrieved 8 January 2024.
  43. ^ a b "Israel: Iraqi group claims to have attacked port of Ashdod". middleeastmonitor.com. 23 January 2024. Retrieved 24 January 2024.
  44. ^ a b Monks, Kieron (25 January 2024). "Iraqi militias claim drone strike on Israel's biggest port as attacks ramp up". inews.co.uk. Retrieved 22 February 2024.
  45. ^ "Islamic Resistance in Iraq: We struck Israel's Eilat with drones". www.middleeastmonitor.com. 6 February 2024. Retrieved 17 February 2024.
  46. ^ "Iran-Backed Islamic Resistance In Iraq Claims Attack On Israeli Target At Dead Sea; Exhorts 'Brothers In Jihad' To 'Take Active Role In Expulsion Of Occupation'". MEMRI. Retrieved 22 February 2024.
  47. ^ "Islamic Resistance in Iraq group targets chemical depot in Haifa".
  48. ^ a b Iraq, Dana Taib Menmy ــ (6 March 2024). "Iraqi militias claim targeting of Haifa Airport with drones". www.newarab.com/. Retrieved 7 March 2024.
  49. ^ "Israel: Kiryat Shmona Airport bombed by Iraqi Islamic Resistance".
  50. ^ a b i24NEWS (12 March 2024). "Iraqi terror group claims to target Ben-Gurion Airport in alleged drone strike". I24news. Retrieved 1 April 2024.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  51. ^ Zitun, Yoav (1 April 2024). "UAV launched from Iraq hits Gulf of Eilat Israeli naval base, IDF confirms". Ynetnews. Retrieved 1 April 2024.
  52. ^ "Eilat building damaged after hostile aircraft infiltrates Israel from Jordan". The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com. 1 April 2024. Retrieved 1 April 2024.
  53. ^ Comms, I. S. W. "Iran Update, January 9, 2024". Retrieved 10 January 2024.
  54. ^ "Iran-backed militias in Iraq claim to have targeted Israeli gas rig in Mediterranean". The Times of Israel. 22 December 2023. Archived from the original on 22 December 2023. Retrieved 22 December 2023.
  55. ^ "Iran-backed militias in Iraq: if Yemen is attacked, we will hit US base". The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com. 12 January 2024. Retrieved 12 January 2024.
  56. ^ "Israel-Hamas War: What happened on day 97?". The Jerusalem Post. 12 January 2024. Archived from the original on 11 January 2024. Retrieved 12 January 2024.
  57. ^ "IRAN UPDATE, NOVEMBER 21, 2023".
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