Ecuador–Mexico relations

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Ecuador-Mexico relations
Map indicating locations of Ecuador and Mexico

Ecuador
Mexico

The nations of Ecuador and Mexico established diplomatic relations in 1830.[1] Both nations are members of the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States, Latin American Integration Association, Organization of American States, Organization of Ibero-American States and the United Nations.

History[edit]

Axe-money from Mexico at the Prehistory Museum of Valencia.

Possible encounters between indigenous cultures in both Ecuador and Mexico may have taken place as shown by Axe-monies as proof of economic and cultural exchange between the pre-Columbian cultures of western Mesoamerica and the northern Andes.

Both nations were once part of the Spanish Empire with Ecuador being part initially of the Viceroyalty of Peru and later the Viceroyalty of New Granada and Mexico as part of New Spain. In 1819, Ecuador was part of the Gran Colombia (which included present day Colombia, Ecuador, Panama and Venezuela). After its break up, Mexico recognized and established diplomatic relations with Ecuador in June 1830.[1] In 1837, Mexico opened a consulate in Guayaquil which subsequently became its first diplomatic mission in South America.

In 1941, Ecuadorian President Carlos Alberto Arroyo del Río paid a visit to Mexico and met with President Manuel Ávila Camacho.[2] However, it wasn't until the 1970s that relations between the two nations began to significantly develop. In 1974, Mexican President Luis Echeverría paid a state visit to Ecuador and met with President Guillermo Rodríguez. The two leaders signed several agreements on economic, scientific and cultural cooperation. Since then, there have been numerous high level visits between leaders of both nations to each other's country.[1]

In December 2018, Ecuadoran President Lenín Moreno arrived to Mexico to attend the inauguration of Mexican President Andrés Manuel López Obrador.[3] In August 2021, Ecuadorian President Guillermo Lasso paid a visit to Mexico and met with President López Obrador and Foreign Minister Marcelo Ebrard.[4]

2024 diplomatic crisis[edit]

In December 2023, former Ecuadorian Vice-President Jorge Glas entered into the Mexican Embassy in Quito and requested asylum. Glas had served as Vice-President to both Presidents Rafael Correa and Lenín Moreno and is accused of corruption. As of yet, the Mexican Government has not yet determined to grant him asylum and the Ecuadorian Government has declared that they will not grant Glas a safe conduct out of the country.[5]

On 3 April 2024, Mexican President López Obrador made a reference during his daily briefings (mañaneras) to Ecuador inferring that fraud had taken place in Ecuador's 2023 presidential elections. As a response, the Ecuadorian Government explled the Mexican ambassador to Ecuador. On Friday 5 April, Ecuadorian police officers forcibly entered the Mexican Embassy in Quito to detain Jorge Glas. It is not yet known if Glas was detained.[6] In response, President of Mexico Andrés Manuel López Obrador instructed the Secretariat of Foreign Affairs to sever relations between Ecuador.[7][8]

High-level visits[edit]

Presidential visits from Ecuador to Mexico[2]

Ecuadorian President Guillermo Lasso with the Mexican President Andrés Manuel López Obrador in Mexico City; November 2022.

Presidential visits from Mexico to Ecuador[1][9]

Bilateral agreements[edit]

Both nations have signed several bilateral agreements such as a Treaty of Friendship, Commerce and Navigation (1888); Cultural Exchange Agreement (1974); Agreement of Cooperation to Combat Drug Trafficking and Drug Dependency (1990); Agreement on Scientific and Technical Cooperation (1992); Tourist Cooperation Agreement (1992); Agreement to Avoid Double Taxation and Prevent Tax Evasion on Income subject to Tax (1992); Agreement on Air Transportation (1995); Agreement on Legal Assistance in Criminal Matters (2004); Extradition Treaty (2006) and an Agreement on Mutual Recognition of Higher Education Studies issued by both nations (2008).[10]

Transportation[edit]

There are direct flights with Aeroméxico between Mexico City International Airport and Quito's Mariscal Sucre International Airport.

Trade relations[edit]

In 2023, two-way trade between both nations totaled US$878 million.[11] Ecuador's main exports to Mexico include: cocoa beans, palm oil, copper ores and their concentrates, electric motor parts and medicines. Mexico's main exports to Ecuador include: medicine, monitors and projectors, motor cars and vehicles, tubes and pipes, and food based products.[11] Mexican multinational companies such as América Móvil, Cemex, FEMSA, Grupo Bimbo, Mabe, Orbia and OXXO (among others) operate in Ecuador.

Resident diplomatic missions[edit]

  • Embassy of Ecuador in Mexico City
    Embassy of Ecuador in Mexico City
  • Embassy of Mexico in Quito
    Embassy of Mexico in Quito

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b c d History of diplomatic relations between Mexico and Ecuador (in Spanish)
  2. ^ a b Informes Presidenciales de Presidente Manuel Ávila Camacho (1941) - page 185 (in Spanish)
  3. ^ Lenín Moreno participó en la ceremonia de investidura del mandatario mexicano Manuel Andrés López Obrador (in Spanish)
  4. ^ Visita de trabajo del presidente de la República del Ecuador, Guillermo Lasso Mendoza (in Spanish)
  5. ^ La Cancillería de Ecuador pide entrar en la Embajada de México para capturar al ex vicepresidente Jorge Glas (in Spanish)
  6. ^ La policía de Ecuador irrumpe en la Embajada mexicana en Quito para capturar al exvicepresidente Jorge Glas (in Spanish)
  7. ^ "Mexico suspends diplomatic ties with Ecuador after police raid embassy". The Guardian. Reuters/Associated Press. 6 April 2024. Retrieved 6 April 2024.
  8. ^ Valencia, Alexandra; O'Boyle, Brendan (6 April 2024). "Mexico suspends relations with Ecuador after arrest of ex-VP". Reuters. Retrieved 6 April 2024.
  9. ^ Ecuador y México juntos (in Spanish)
  10. ^ Bilateral agreements between Mexico and Ecuador (in Spanish)
  11. ^ a b Data México: Ecuador
  12. ^ Embassy of Ecuador in Mexico City
  13. ^ Embassy of Mexico in Quito
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